Shoulder Arthritis
Causes of Shoulder Arthritis
To provide you with effective treatment, your physician will need to determine
which joint is affected and what type of arthritis you have. Three major
types of arthritis generally affect the shoulder.
Types of Shoulder Arthritis:
-
Osteoarthritis, or “wear-and-tear” arthritis, is a degenerative condition
that destroys the smooth outer covering (articular cartilage) of bone.
It usually affects people over 50 years of age and is more common in the
AC joint than in the glenohumeral shoulder joint.
-
Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis / AC Joint Arthritis comes in many forms, most commonly osteoarthritis, followed by inflammatory
arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
-
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory condition of the joint lining. It can affect
people of any age and usually affects multiple joints on both sides of
the body.
-
Posttraumatic arthritis is a form of osteoarthritis that develops after an injury such as a fracture
or dislocation of the shoulder. Arthritis can also develop after a rotator
cuff tear.
Shoulder Arthritis Symptoms
Pain is the most common symptom of arthritis of the shoulder. Often, the
pain is aggravated by activity and progressively worsens. If the glenohumeral
shoulder joint is affected, the pain is centered in the back of the shoulder
and may intensify with changes in the weather. The pain of arthritis in
the AC joint is focused on the front of the shoulder. Someone with rheumatoid
arthritis may have pain in all these areas if both shoulder joints are
affected. Limited motion is another symptom. It may become more difficult
to lift your arm to comb your hair or reach up to a shelf. You may hear
a clicking or snapping sound (crepitus) as you move your shoulder. As
the disease progresses, any movement of the shoulder causes pain, night
pain may be common and sleeping may be difficult.
Shoulder Arthritis Treatment Options
As with other arthritic conditions, initial treatment of arthritis of the
shoulder is conservative. Your physician will recommend rest or a change
in activities to avoid provoking pain; you may need to modify the way
you move your arm. Icing the shoulder for 20 to 30 minutes two or three
times a day may help reduce inflammation and ease pain. Taking nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen can reduce
inflammation. If you have rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may prescribe
a disease-modifying drug such as methotrexate or recommend a series of
corticosteroid injections. Dietary supplements such as glucosamine and
chondroitin sulfate may also be helpful.
Surgical Options for Shoulder Arthritis
If conservative treatment does not reduce pain, there are surgical options.
Arthritis of the glenohumeral joint can be treated by replacing the entire
shoulder joint with a prosthesis (total shoulder arthroplasty) or by replacing
the head of the upper arm bone (hemiarthroplasty).