Spinal stenosis occurs when the spinal canal, which encases and protects the spinal cord and nerve roots, narrows and pinches the spinal cord and nerves. The result is low back pain as well as pain in the legs. Stenosis may pinch the nerves that control muscle power and sensation in the legs.

Causes
There are many potential causes for spinal stenosis including aging, which can lead to a thickening of the ligaments and the growth of spurs on the vertebrae and spinal canal; deterioration of the cushioning disks between the vertebrae; and heredity, in which the spinal canal is too small at birth. Changes in blood flow to the lumbar spine can also be a cause.

Symptoms
Symptoms can include pain and difficulty when walking and that is aggravated by activity; numbness, tingling, and hot or cold feelings; weakness or a heavy, tired feeling in the legs; and clumsiness, frequent falling, or a foot-slapping gait.

Treatment
Depending on the severity of the condition, your physician may recommend conservative treatments or surgery. Conservative treatments such as changes in posture while walking or lying down; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen that relieve the pressure on the nerves caused by inflammatory swelling; and good old fashioned rest can all help relieve symptoms. Aerobic activity such as bicycling, and losing weight to relieve some of the load on the spine, are also often recommended. When stenosis causes severe nerve root compression, these treatments may not be enough. Back and leg pain may return again and again. If conservative treatment does not relieve the pain, your orthopedic surgeon may recommend surgery to relieve the pressure on affected nerves. In properly selected cases, the results are quite satisfactory, and patients are able to resume a normal lifestyle. Treatment is available at The Spine Center.