Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle

There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. But when most people talk about arthritis, they are usually referring to the most common form, osteoarthritis ("osteo" means bone).

Causes
Osteoarthritis develops as we age and is often called "wear-and-tear" arthritis. Over the years, the thin covering (cartilage) on the ends of bones becomes worn and frayed. This results in inflammation, swelling, and pain in the joint. An injury to a joint, even if treated properly, can cause osteoarthritis to develop in the future. This is often referred to as traumatic arthritis. It may develop months or years after a severe sprain, torn ligament or broken bone.

The foot joints most commonly affected by arthritis include:

  • The ankle - Where the shinbone (tibia) rests on the uppermost bone of the foot (the talus)
  • The three joints of the hindfoot - Where the bottom of the talus connects to the heel bone (calcaneus); where the talus connects to the inner midfoot bone; and where the heel bone connects to the outer midfoot bone (cuboid)
  • The midfoot - Where one of the forefoot bones (metatarsals) connects to the smaller midfoot bones (cunieforms)
  • The great toe - Where the first metatarsal connects to the toe bone (phalange); this is also where bunions usually develop

Symptoms
Symptoms of arthritis of the foot vary, depending on which joint is affected. Common symptoms include pain or tenderness, stiffness or reduced motion, and swelling. Walking may be difficult.

 Treatment
Depending on the type, location and severity of your arthritis, there are many types of treatment available. 

  • Taking pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medication to reduce swelling
  • Putting a pad, arch support or other type of insert in your shoe
  • Wearing a custom-made shoe, such as a stiff-soled shoe with a rocker bottom
  • Using an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO)
  • Wearing a brace or using a cane
  • Participating in a program of physical therapy and exercises
  • Controlling your weight or taking nutritional supplements
  • Injecting a dose of steroid medication into the joint
  • Surgery
 



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